Telematic Research
Transactional Distance in On-Line Learning
Steve Wheeler
Workshop presented to the Romanian Internet Learning Workshop
Sumuleu Cuic, Romania
July 1, 2000
Abstract
The work of Moore and Kearsley (1996) and Saba and Shearer (1994) has highlighted the psychological
dimensions of distance interaction. Moore (1973) proposed that the geographical and temporal distances
apparent in distance education were less important than the perceived distance between student and teacher.
This distance can be quantified in terms of dialogue and course structure. A third dimension, learner
autonomy and control is also thought to be a vital component in the equation. This tutorial outlines
the original theory, discusses the implications of Transactional Distance for the development of on-line
education, and provides some recent research findings from the presenter's own work.
References
Moore, M. G. and Kearsley, G. (1996) Distance Education: A Systems View. Belmont: Wadsworth
Moore, M. G. (1973) Towards a theory of independent learning and teaching. Journal of Higher Education.
44 (9) 661-79.
Saba, and Shearer, R. (1994) Verifying key theoretical concepts in a dynamic model of distance education.
The American Journal of Distance Education. 8 (1) 36-59.